app/api/includes/AuditLog.php

<?php

/**
 * Audit Logging System
 *
 * Comprehensive audit trail for all administrative actions
 */

declare(strict_types=1);

class AuditLog
{
    // Action types
    public const ACTION_LOGIN = 'login';
    public const ACTION_LOGIN_FAILED = 'login_failed';
    public const ACTION_LOGOUT = 'logout';
    public const ACTION_CREATE = 'create';
    public const ACTION_UPDATE = 'update';
    public const ACTION_DELETE = 'delete';
    public const ACTION_VIEW = 'view';
    public const ACTION_ACTIVATE = 'activate';
    public const ACTION_DEACTIVATE = 'deactivate';
    public const ACTION_PASSWORD_CHANGE = 'password_change';
    public const ACTION_PERMISSION_CHANGE = 'permission_change';
    public const ACTION_ACCESS_DENIED = 'access_denied';

    private static ?int $currentUserId = null;
    private static ?string $currentUsername = null;

    /**
     * Nastaví kontext aktuálního uživatele pro všechny následující logy
     */
    public static function setUser(int $userId, string $username): void
    {
        self::$currentUserId = $userId;
        self::$currentUsername = $username;
    }

    /**
     * Log an action
     *
     * @param string $action Action type (use class constants)
     * @param string|null $entityType Entity type (e.g., 'user', 'project')
     * @param int|null $entityId Entity ID
     * @param string|null $description Human-readable description
     * @param array<string, mixed>|null $oldValues Previous values (for updates)
     * @param array<string, mixed>|null $newValues New values (for updates/creates)
     */
    public static function log(
        string $action,
        ?string $entityType = null,
        ?int $entityId = null,
        ?string $description = null,
        ?array $oldValues = null,
        ?array $newValues = null
    ): void {
        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $userId = self::$currentUserId;
            $username = self::$currentUsername;

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare('
                INSERT INTO audit_logs (
                    user_id,
                    username,
                    user_ip,
                    action,
                    entity_type,
                    entity_id,
                    description,
                    old_values,
                    new_values,
                    user_agent,
                    session_id
                ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            ');

            $stmt->execute([
                $userId,
                $username,
                getClientIp(),
                $action,
                $entityType,
                $entityId,
                $description,
                $oldValues ? json_encode($oldValues, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE) : null,
                $newValues ? json_encode($newValues, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE) : null,
                substr($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? 'unknown', 0, 500),
                session_id() ?: null,
            ]);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log successful login
     *
     * @param int $userId User ID
     * @param string $username Username
     */
    public static function logLogin(int $userId, string $username): void
    {
        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare('
                INSERT INTO audit_logs (
                    user_id,
                    username,
                    user_ip,
                    action,
                    entity_type,
                    entity_id,
                    description,
                    user_agent,
                    session_id
                ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            ');

            $stmt->execute([
                $userId,
                $username,
                getClientIp(),
                self::ACTION_LOGIN,
                'user',
                $userId,
                "Přihlášení uživatele '$username'",
                substr($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? 'unknown', 0, 500),
                session_id() ?: null,
            ]);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog login error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log failed login attempt
     *
     * @param string $username Attempted username
     * @param string $reason Failure reason
     */
    public static function logLoginFailed(string $username, string $reason = 'invalid_credentials'): void
    {
        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare('
                INSERT INTO audit_logs (
                    username,
                    user_ip,
                    action,
                    entity_type,
                    description,
                    user_agent,
                    session_id
                ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            ');

            $stmt->execute([
                $username,
                getClientIp(),
                self::ACTION_LOGIN_FAILED,
                'user',
                "Neúspěšné přihlášení '$username': $reason",
                substr($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? 'unknown', 0, 500),
                session_id() ?: null,
            ]);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog login failed error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log logout
     *
     * @param int|null $userId User ID (optional, for JWT-based auth)
     * @param string|null $username Username (optional, for JWT-based auth)
     */
    public static function logLogout(?int $userId = null, ?string $username = null): void
    {
        if ($userId === null) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare('
                INSERT INTO audit_logs (
                    user_id,
                    username,
                    user_ip,
                    action,
                    entity_type,
                    entity_id,
                    description,
                    user_agent
                ) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
            ');

            $stmt->execute([
                $userId,
                $username,
                getClientIp(),
                self::ACTION_LOGOUT,
                'user',
                $userId,
                "Odhlášení uživatele '{$username}'",
                substr($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'] ?? 'unknown', 0, 500),
            ]);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog logout error: ' . $e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Log entity creation
     *
     * @param string $entityType Entity type
     * @param int $entityId Entity ID
     * @param array<string, mixed> $data Created data
     * @param string|null $description Optional description
     */
    public static function logCreate(
        string $entityType,
        int $entityId,
        array $data,
        ?string $description = null
    ): void {
        // Remove sensitive fields from logged data
        $safeData = self::sanitizeData($data);

        self::log(
            self::ACTION_CREATE,
            $entityType,
            $entityId,
            $description ?? "Vytvořen $entityType #$entityId",
            null,
            $safeData
        );
    }

    /**
     * Log entity update
     *
     * @param string $entityType Entity type
     * @param int $entityId Entity ID
     * @param array<string, mixed> $oldData Old values
     * @param array<string, mixed> $newData New values
     * @param string|null $description Optional description
     */
    public static function logUpdate(
        string $entityType,
        int $entityId,
        array $oldData,
        array $newData,
        ?string $description = null
    ): void {
        // Only log changed fields
        $changes = self::getChanges($oldData, $newData);

        if (empty($changes['old']) && empty($changes['new'])) {
            return; // No actual changes
        }

        self::log(
            self::ACTION_UPDATE,
            $entityType,
            $entityId,
            $description ?? "Upraven $entityType #$entityId",
            $changes['old'],
            $changes['new']
        );
    }

    /**
     * Log entity deletion
     *
     * @param string $entityType Entity type
     * @param int $entityId Entity ID
     * @param array<string, mixed>|null $data Deleted entity data
     * @param string|null $description Optional description
     */
    public static function logDelete(
        string $entityType,
        int $entityId,
        ?array $data = null,
        ?string $description = null
    ): void {
        $safeData = $data ? self::sanitizeData($data) : null;

        self::log(
            self::ACTION_DELETE,
            $entityType,
            $entityId,
            $description ?? "Smazán $entityType #$entityId",
            $safeData,
            null
        );
    }

    /**
     * Log access denied
     *
     * @param string $resource Resource that was denied
     * @param string|null $permission Required permission
     */
    public static function logAccessDenied(string $resource, ?string $permission = null): void
    {
        $description = "Přístup odepřen k '$resource'";
        if ($permission) {
            $description .= " (vyžaduje: $permission)";
        }

        self::log(
            self::ACTION_ACCESS_DENIED,
            null,
            null,
            $description
        );
    }

    /**
     * Get changes between old and new data
     *
     * @param array<string, mixed> $oldData Old values
     * @param array<string, mixed> $newData New values
     * @return array{old: array<string, mixed>, new: array<string, mixed>}
     */
    private static function getChanges(array $oldData, array $newData): array
    {
        $oldData = self::sanitizeData($oldData);
        $newData = self::sanitizeData($newData);

        $changedOld = [];
        $changedNew = [];

        // Find changed fields
        foreach ($newData as $key => $newValue) {
            $oldValue = $oldData[$key] ?? null;

            if ($oldValue !== $newValue) {
                $changedOld[$key] = $oldValue;
                $changedNew[$key] = $newValue;
            }
        }

        // Find removed fields
        foreach ($oldData as $key => $oldValue) {
            if (!array_key_exists($key, $newData)) {
                $changedOld[$key] = $oldValue;
                $changedNew[$key] = null;
            }
        }

        return ['old' => $changedOld, 'new' => $changedNew];
    }

    /**
     * Remove sensitive fields from data before logging
     *
     * @param array<string, mixed> $data Data to sanitize
     * @return array<string, mixed> Sanitized data
     */
    private static function sanitizeData(array $data): array
    {
        $sensitiveFields = [
            'password',
            'password_hash',
            'token',
            'token_hash',
            'secret',
            'api_key',
            'private_key',
            'csrf_token',
        ];

        foreach ($sensitiveFields as $field) {
            if (isset($data[$field])) {
                $data[$field] = '[REDACTED]';
            }
        }

        return $data;
    }

    /**
     * Get audit logs with filtering and pagination
     *
     * @param array<string, mixed> $filters Filter options
     * @param int $page Page number (1-based)
     * @param int $perPage Items per page
     * @return array{logs: list<array<string, mixed>>, total: int, pages: int, page: int, per_page: int}
     */
    public static function getLogs(array $filters = [], int $page = 1, int $perPage = 50): array
    {
        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $where = [];
            $params = [];

            // Apply filters
            if (!empty($filters['user_id'])) {
                $where[] = 'user_id = ?';
                $params[] = $filters['user_id'];
            }

            if (!empty($filters['username'])) {
                $where[] = 'username LIKE ?';
                $params[] = '%' . $filters['username'] . '%';
            }

            if (!empty($filters['action'])) {
                $where[] = 'action = ?';
                $params[] = $filters['action'];
            }

            if (!empty($filters['entity_type'])) {
                $where[] = 'entity_type = ?';
                $params[] = $filters['entity_type'];
            }

            if (!empty($filters['ip'])) {
                $where[] = 'user_ip LIKE ?';
                $params[] = '%' . $filters['ip'] . '%';
            }

            if (!empty($filters['date_from'])) {
                $where[] = 'created_at >= ?';
                $params[] = $filters['date_from'] . ' 00:00:00';
            }

            if (!empty($filters['date_to'])) {
                $where[] = 'created_at <= ?';
                $params[] = $filters['date_to'] . ' 23:59:59';
            }

            if (!empty($filters['search'])) {
                $where[] = '(description LIKE ? OR username LIKE ?)';
                $searchTerm = '%' . $filters['search'] . '%';
                $params[] = $searchTerm;
                $params[] = $searchTerm;
            }

            $whereClause = !empty($where) ? 'WHERE ' . implode(' AND ', $where) : '';

            // Count total
            $countSql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM audit_logs $whereClause";
            $stmt = $pdo->prepare($countSql);
            $stmt->execute($params);
            $total = (int) $stmt->fetchColumn();

            // Calculate pagination
            $pages = max(1, ceil($total / $perPage));
            $page = max(1, min($page, $pages));
            $offset = ($page - 1) * $perPage;

            // Get logs
            $sql = "
                SELECT id, user_id, username, user_ip, action,
                       entity_type, entity_id, description,
                       old_values, new_values, created_at
                FROM audit_logs
                $whereClause
                ORDER BY created_at DESC
                LIMIT $perPage OFFSET $offset
            ";

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql);
            $stmt->execute($params);
            $logs = $stmt->fetchAll();

            // Parse JSON fields
            foreach ($logs as &$log) {
                $log['old_values'] = $log['old_values'] ? json_decode($log['old_values'], true) : null;
                $log['new_values'] = $log['new_values'] ? json_decode($log['new_values'], true) : null;
            }

            return [
                'logs' => $logs,
                'total' => $total,
                'pages' => $pages,
                'page' => $page,
                'per_page' => $perPage,
            ];
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog getLogs error: ' . $e->getMessage());
            return ['logs' => [], 'total' => 0, 'pages' => 0, 'page' => 1, 'per_page' => $perPage];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get recent activity for a user
     *
     * @param int $userId User ID
     * @param int $limit Number of records
     * @return list<array<string, mixed>> Recent logs
     */
    public static function getUserActivity(int $userId, int $limit = 10): array
    {
        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare('
                SELECT id, user_id, username, user_ip, action,
                       entity_type, entity_id, description,
                       old_values, new_values, created_at
                FROM audit_logs
                WHERE user_id = ?
                ORDER BY created_at DESC
                LIMIT ?
            ');
            $stmt->execute([$userId, $limit]);

            return $stmt->fetchAll();
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog getUserActivity error: ' . $e->getMessage());
            return [];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get entity history
     *
     * @param string $entityType Entity type
     * @param int $entityId Entity ID
     * @return list<array<string, mixed>> Audit log history
     */
    public static function getEntityHistory(string $entityType, int $entityId): array
    {
        try {
            $pdo = db();

            $stmt = $pdo->prepare('
                SELECT id, user_id, username, user_ip, action,
                       entity_type, entity_id, description,
                       old_values, new_values, created_at
                FROM audit_logs
                WHERE entity_type = ? AND entity_id = ?
                ORDER BY created_at DESC
            ');
            $stmt->execute([$entityType, $entityId]);

            $logs = $stmt->fetchAll();

            foreach ($logs as &$log) {
                $log['old_values'] = $log['old_values'] ? json_decode($log['old_values'], true) : null;
                $log['new_values'] = $log['new_values'] ? json_decode($log['new_values'], true) : null;
            }

            return $logs;
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            error_log('AuditLog getEntityHistory error: ' . $e->getMessage());
            return [];
        }
    }
}