diff --git a/src/__tests__/drafts-deferred-numbering.test.ts b/src/__tests__/drafts-deferred-numbering.test.ts
index d260460..e909caa 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/drafts-deferred-numbering.test.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/drafts-deferred-numbering.test.ts
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@ describe("issued-order drafts — deferred numbering", () => {
 
   it("finalizing a draft (draft -> sent) assigns the next sequence number", async () => {
     const expected = (await previewIssuedOrderNumber()).number;
-    const draft = await createIssuedOrder({});
+    const draft = await createIssuedOrder({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     if ("error" in draft)
       throw new Error(`createIssuedOrder failed: ${draft.error}`);
     issuedOrderIds.push(draft.id);
@@ -104,7 +106,9 @@ describe("issued-order drafts — deferred numbering", () => {
   });
 
   it("finalizing is idempotent — re-finalizing does not re-number", async () => {
-    const draft = await createIssuedOrder({});
+    const draft = await createIssuedOrder({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     if ("error" in draft)
       throw new Error(`createIssuedOrder failed: ${draft.error}`);
     issuedOrderIds.push(draft.id);
diff --git a/src/__tests__/issued-orders.test.ts b/src/__tests__/issued-orders.test.ts
index 831e6a6..8ce09bc 100644
--- a/src/__tests__/issued-orders.test.ts
+++ b/src/__tests__/issued-orders.test.ts
@@ -169,7 +169,10 @@ describe("createIssuedOrder", () => {
 
   it("numbers immediately when created already-finalized (status sent)", async () => {
     const before = (await previewIssuedOrderNumber()).number;
-    const order = await mkIssued({ status: "sent" });
+    const order = await mkIssued({
+      status: "sent",
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     expect(order.po_number).toBe(before);
     expect(order.status).toBe("sent");
   });
@@ -199,7 +202,9 @@ describe("createIssuedOrder", () => {
 
 describe("updateIssuedOrder status transitions", () => {
   it("allows draft -> sent and rejects draft -> completed", async () => {
-    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const order = await mkIssued({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     const ok = await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "sent" });
     expect("error" in ok).toBe(false);
     const bad = await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "completed" });
@@ -226,7 +231,9 @@ describe("updateIssuedOrder status transitions", () => {
   });
 
   it("status-only transition payloads still work when not editable", async () => {
-    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const order = await mkIssued({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "sent" });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "confirmed" });
     const res = await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "completed" });
@@ -242,6 +249,44 @@ describe("updateIssuedOrder status transitions", () => {
     const res = await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { supplier_id: 99999999 });
     expect("error" in res && res.error).toBe("supplier_not_found");
   });
+
+  it("finalizes a sections-only order (no items) successfully", async () => {
+    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const res = await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, {
+      status: "sent",
+      items: [],
+      sections: [
+        { title: "Scope", title_cz: "Rozsah prací", content: "<p>Detail</p>" },
+      ],
+    });
+    expect("error" in res).toBe(false);
+    const row = await prisma.issued_orders.findUnique({
+      where: { id: order.id },
+    });
+    expect(row!.status).toBe("sent");
+    expect(row!.po_number).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects finalizing a completely blank order (no items, no sections)", async () => {
+    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const res = await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, {
+      status: "sent",
+      items: [],
+      sections: [],
+    });
+    expect("error" in res && res.error).toBe("empty_document");
+    // Stays a draft — the finalize was rejected before any write.
+    const row = await prisma.issued_orders.findUnique({
+      where: { id: order.id },
+    });
+    expect(row!.status).toBe("draft");
+    expect(row!.po_number).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  it("rejects creating a non-draft order with no content", async () => {
+    const res = await createIssuedOrder({ status: "sent" });
+    expect("error" in res && res.error).toBe("empty_document");
+  });
 });
 
 describe("getIssuedOrder", () => {
@@ -525,7 +570,9 @@ describe("POST /api/admin/issued-orders legacy dropped fields", () => {
 
 describe("PUT /api/admin/issued-orders/:id editable-state guard (HTTP)", () => {
   it("400s a field edit on a confirmed order with the explicit Czech message", async () => {
-    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const order = await mkIssued({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "sent" });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "confirmed" });
 
@@ -543,7 +590,9 @@ describe("PUT /api/admin/issued-orders/:id editable-state guard (HTTP)", () => {
     // The IssuedOrderDetail transition flushes unsaved edits by sending the
     // full payload + status in ONE PUT while the order is still editable
     // (sent). The server must apply the items AND the transition together.
-    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const order = await mkIssued({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "sent" });
 
     const res = await app!.inject({
@@ -574,7 +623,9 @@ describe("PUT /api/admin/issued-orders/:id editable-state guard (HTTP)", () => {
   });
 
   it("a status-only transition payload keeps working (confirmed -> completed)", async () => {
-    const order = await mkIssued({});
+    const order = await mkIssued({
+      items: [{ description: "Položka", quantity: 1, unit_price: 1 }],
+    });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "sent" });
     await updateIssuedOrder(order.id, { status: "confirmed" });
 
@@ -733,6 +784,23 @@ describe("renderIssuedOrderHtml", () => {
     expect(html).toContain("Odběratel");
   });
 
+  it("omits the items table and total when there are no items (sections-only order)", () => {
+    const html = renderIssuedOrderHtml(
+      order,
+      [],
+      supplier,
+      { company_name: "Naše firma" },
+      "cs",
+      issuer,
+      [{ title: "Scope", title_cz: "Rozsah prací", content: "<p>Detail</p>" }],
+    );
+    // The section renders…
+    expect(html).toContain("Rozsah prací");
+    // …but the items table, the billing heading and the total row do not.
+    expect(html).not.toContain('class="items"');
+    expect(html).not.toContain("Celkem bez DPH");
+  });
+
   it("renders the structured supplier address plus IČO and DIČ", () => {
     const html = renderIssuedOrderHtml(
       order,
diff --git a/src/admin/components/document/DocumentItemsEditor.tsx b/src/admin/components/document/DocumentItemsEditor.tsx
index df1700c..f6d5217 100644
--- a/src/admin/components/document/DocumentItemsEditor.tsx
+++ b/src/admin/components/document/DocumentItemsEditor.tsx
@@ -492,6 +492,12 @@ interface DocumentItemsEditorProps {
   itemDescriptionMaxLength?: number;
   /** Optional page-specific control (e.g. item-template Select) next to the add button. */
   templatesSlot?: ReactNode;
+  /**
+   * Allow removing every row so the list can be empty (issued orders may be
+   * issued by sections alone). Default false keeps the offers/invoices rule of
+   * at least one item.
+   */
+  allowEmpty?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -509,6 +515,7 @@ export default function DocumentItemsEditor({
   showDiscount = false,
   itemDescriptionMaxLength = 5000,
   templatesSlot,
+  allowEmpty = false,
 }: DocumentItemsEditorProps) {
   const theme = useTheme();
   const isMobile = useMediaQuery(theme.breakpoints.down("sm"));
@@ -538,10 +545,13 @@ export default function DocumentItemsEditor({
   const addItem = () => onChange([...items, emptyDocumentItem()]);
 
   const removeItem = (index: number) => {
-    if (items.length <= 1) return;
+    if (!allowEmpty && items.length <= 1) return;
     onChange(items.filter((_, i) => i !== index));
   };
 
+  // When allowEmpty, even the last row is deletable (list may go to zero).
+  const canDeleteRow = allowEmpty || items.length > 1;
+
   const handleDragEnd = (event: DragEndEvent) => {
     const { active, over } = event;
     if (!over || active.id === over.id) return;
@@ -608,7 +618,7 @@ export default function DocumentItemsEditor({
                   index={index}
                   currency={currency}
                   readOnly={readOnly}
-                  canDelete={items.length > 1}
+                  canDelete={canDeleteRow}
                   showIncludedInTotal={showIncludedInTotal}
                   showDiscount={showDiscount}
                   itemDescriptionMaxLength={itemDescriptionMaxLength}
@@ -666,7 +676,7 @@ export default function DocumentItemsEditor({
                       index={index}
                       currency={currency}
                       readOnly={readOnly}
-                      canDelete={items.length > 1}
+                      canDelete={canDeleteRow}
                       showIncludedInTotal={showIncludedInTotal}
                       showDiscount={showDiscount}
                       itemDescriptionMaxLength={itemDescriptionMaxLength}
diff --git a/src/admin/pages/IssuedOrderDetail.tsx b/src/admin/pages/IssuedOrderDetail.tsx
index 79c376c..b14122d 100644
--- a/src/admin/pages/IssuedOrderDetail.tsx
+++ b/src/admin/pages/IssuedOrderDetail.tsx
@@ -301,7 +301,9 @@ export default function IssuedOrderDetail() {
             // Issued orders have no Sleva column; keep the shared item shape happy.
             discount: 0,
           }))
-        : [emptyDocumentItem()];
+        : // Issued orders may be issued by sections alone — a saved order with
+          // no items reopens with an empty list (not a blank starter row).
+          [];
     setItems(mappedItems);
 
     const mappedSections =
@@ -401,8 +403,18 @@ export default function IssuedOrderDetail() {
     const newErrors: Record<string, string> = {};
     if (!form.supplier_id) newErrors.supplier_id = "Vyberte dodavatele";
     if (!form.order_date) newErrors.order_date = "Zadejte datum";
-    if (items.length === 0 || items.every((i) => !i.description.trim())) {
-      newErrors.items = "Přidejte alespoň jednu položku";
+    // Items are optional (an order may be issued by sections alone), but a
+    // completely blank order must not be finalizable: require at least one
+    // item with a description OR one non-empty section (title or content).
+    const hasItem = items.some((i) => i.description.trim());
+    const hasSection = sections.some(
+      (s) =>
+        (s.title_cz || "").trim() ||
+        (s.title || "").trim() ||
+        (s.content || "").replace(/<[^>]*>/g, "").trim(),
+    );
+    if (!hasItem && !hasSection) {
+      newErrors.items = "Přidejte alespoň jednu položku nebo obsah";
     }
     setErrors(newErrors);
     if (Object.keys(newErrors).length > 0) return;
@@ -899,6 +911,7 @@ export default function IssuedOrderDetail() {
           currency={form.currency}
           readOnly={!editable}
           error={errors.items}
+          allowEmpty
         />
 
         {/* Rich-text PDF sections — the free-form PDF content lives here */}
diff --git a/src/routes/admin/issued-orders-pdf.ts b/src/routes/admin/issued-orders-pdf.ts
index bc94e0d..623b1f2 100644
--- a/src/routes/admin/issued-orders-pdf.ts
+++ b/src/routes/admin/issued-orders-pdf.ts
@@ -752,8 +752,11 @@ ${indentCSS}
     </tr>
   </table>
 
-  <!-- Polozky -->
-  <div class="billing-label">${escapeHtml(order.order_text || t.billing)}</div>
+  <!-- Polozky — an order may be issued by sections alone; with no items the
+       heading, items table and total row are omitted entirely. -->
+  ${
+    items.length > 0
+      ? `<div class="billing-label">${escapeHtml(order.order_text || t.billing)}</div>
   <table class="items">
     <thead>
       <tr>
@@ -779,7 +782,9 @@ ${indentCSS}
         <span class="value">${formatCurrency(total, currency)}</span>
       </div>
     </div>
-  </div>
+  </div>`
+      : ""
+  }
 
   ${scopeHtml}
 
diff --git a/src/routes/admin/issued-orders.ts b/src/routes/admin/issued-orders.ts
index 4305596..e01e57f 100644
--- a/src/routes/admin/issued-orders.ts
+++ b/src/routes/admin/issued-orders.ts
@@ -366,6 +366,8 @@ export default async function issuedOrdersRoutes(fastify: FastifyInstance) {
           return error(reply, "Dodavatel nenalezen", 400);
         if (order.error === "po_number_taken")
           return error(reply, "Číslo objednávky je již použito", 409);
+        if (order.error === "empty_document")
+          return error(reply, "Přidejte alespoň jednu položku nebo obsah", 400);
         return error(reply, "Neznámá chyba", 500);
       }
       await logAudit({
@@ -408,6 +410,8 @@ export default async function issuedOrdersRoutes(fastify: FastifyInstance) {
             `Neplatný přechod stavu z "${result.currentStatus}" na "${result.newStatus}"`,
             400,
           );
+        if (result.error === "empty_document")
+          return error(reply, "Přidejte alespoň jednu položku nebo obsah", 400);
         return error(reply, "Neznámá chyba", 500);
       }
       await logAudit({
diff --git a/src/services/issued-orders.service.ts b/src/services/issued-orders.service.ts
index 7925e2c..6e46eeb 100644
--- a/src/services/issued-orders.service.ts
+++ b/src/services/issued-orders.service.ts
@@ -148,6 +148,32 @@ export function computeIssuedOrderTotals(
   return { total: Math.round(total * 100) / 100 };
 }
 
+/**
+ * An issued order may be issued by sections alone (no line items), but a
+ * completely blank order must not be finalizable. Content = at least one item
+ * with a description OR one section with a title or stripped (non-tag) content.
+ * Mirrors the PDF visibility test and the frontend submit guard.
+ */
+function hasOrderContent(
+  items: Array<{ description?: string | null }> | undefined,
+  sections:
+    | Array<{
+        title?: string | null;
+        title_cz?: string | null;
+        content?: string | null;
+      }>
+    | undefined,
+): boolean {
+  const anyItem = (items || []).some((it) => (it.description || "").trim());
+  const anySection = (sections || []).some(
+    (s) =>
+      (s.title_cz || "").trim() ||
+      (s.title || "").trim() ||
+      (s.content || "").replace(/<[^>]*>/g, "").trim(),
+  );
+  return anyItem || anySection;
+}
+
 export async function listIssuedOrders(params: ListIssuedOrdersParams) {
   const { page, limit, skip, sort, order } = params;
   const sortField = ALLOWED_SORT_FIELDS.includes(sort) ? sort : "id";
@@ -269,6 +295,12 @@ export async function createIssuedOrder(body: IssuedOrderInput) {
     return await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
       const status = body.status ? String(body.status) : "draft";
 
+      // A non-draft (created-as-finalized) order must not be blank — require an
+      // item or a non-empty section. Drafts may be saved empty (WIP).
+      if (status !== "draft" && !hasOrderContent(body.items, body.sections)) {
+        return { error: "empty_document" as const };
+      }
+
       // Validate the referenced supplier exists BEFORE the insert — a dangling
       // FK would otherwise surface as a P2003 500 instead of a clean 400.
       const supplierId = body.supplier_id ? Number(body.supplier_id) : null;
@@ -452,6 +484,27 @@ export async function updateIssuedOrder(id: number, body: IssuedOrderInput) {
     body.status !== undefined &&
     String(body.status) === "sent";
 
+  // Finalizing a blank order is rejected — require an item or a non-empty
+  // section. The finalize payload carries items/sections; fall back to the
+  // stored rows when a partial finalize omits them.
+  if (finalizing) {
+    const itemsForCheck = Array.isArray(body.items)
+      ? body.items
+      : await prisma.issued_order_items.findMany({
+          where: { issued_order_id: id },
+          select: { description: true },
+        });
+    const sectionsForCheck = Array.isArray(body.sections)
+      ? body.sections
+      : await prisma.issued_order_sections.findMany({
+          where: { issued_order_id: id },
+          select: { title: true, title_cz: true, content: true },
+        });
+    if (!hasOrderContent(itemsForCheck, sectionsForCheck)) {
+      return { error: "empty_document" as const };
+    }
+  }
+
   // ONE transaction for the header write, the finalize numbering AND the
   // items/sections full-replace. The items replace used to run in a SECOND
   // transaction after the header tx — a failure between the two left a torn